Heddon-on-the-Wall Local History Society
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Victorian Panorama by Alan MorganĀ  12 November 2012

17/11/2012

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Picture
Victorian Panorama: a visit to Newcastle upon Tyne in the Reign of Queen Victoria by Alan Morgan, Tyne Bridge Publishing, 2007).
At short notice, due to a cancellation in our program of talks, the Newcastle City Guide, Alan Morgan, gave us an excellent talk on his book, the cover of which is shown above.
The basis of his book was the watercolour painting, Newcastle upon Tyne in the Reign of Queen Victoria, by John Storey (1862) and a lithograph of it Alan had seen in the Newcastle City Library. It shows a highly detailed view of the streets and buildings of the city at that time, taken from a vantage point high above Gateshead's former railway station, Brandling Junction.
Picture
There has been much interest since publication of the book.

How did John Storey achieve this lofty viewpoint? Did he have access to a balloon?

How did he manage to represent certain buildings and landmarks that were not yet built at the time of painting? These include the Tyne Brewery (1868), St Mary's Cathedral spire (1872) and the Tyne Tees Shipping Office (1875). How did the painter manage to predict the future? These buildings had been long planned, and John Storey presumably had access to the plans.
Picture
St Mary's Cathedral, Clayton Street West. Photo by A Curtis (2010).
Picture
Tyne-Tees Steam Shipping Company, King Street. Photo by A Curtis (2010).
The book divides the painting into 13 areas covering a great swathe of Newcastle from the Tyne west of the High Level Bridge, to The Swirle on the Quayside (then a stream flowing into the Tyne), to the east. Detail is visible as far north as The Great North Road, Town Moor and Jesmond. Gateshead is also represented directly below the viewpoint. For each of these areas we are treated to detailed illustrations from the painting with added street names, and highlighted buildings which are numbered and discussed in detail in the text.

There are a large number of other illustrations and photographs from the period, and many old maps, which provide context and scale as the painting was done with some element of distortion and artistic license.
Picture
The Biscuit Factory, Stoddart Street, Shieldfield. Photo by A Curtis (2010).
I have had an interest for some years in the history of Newcastle's buildings and I found this book a wonder. Many of the old buildings can still be found although now have other uses as my example above of the Biscuit Factory shows.
Picture
Small section from the book showing the Biscuit Factory in 1862 (no. 30).
Many of the buildings surrounding the Biscuit Factory have now gone, including the windmill shown at its front. Built in the late 1860s, the factory itself was run by Thomas Squire & Sons to make biscuits until just before the First World War and had several uses there after.
It is now Europe's largest commercial art gallery (opened in 2004). There is a history of the building here.
Picture
Newcastle Quayside panorama. Photo by A Curtis (2010).
Just for fun, two modern panoramas of Newcastle. Above taken from the Sage, Gateshead not far from Storey's viewpoint but much lower.

On the right, the sculptural map from Neville Street, across the road from Central Station. Click the photos for more detailed description of what you can see.
Picture
Grainger Town Sculptural Map, Neville Street. Photo by A Curtis (2010).
Links

Article by Tony Henderson in the Newcastle Journal (2007)
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Oswald's Northumbria by Max Adams 10 October 2012

10/11/2012

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Picture
Cross at Heavenfield marking the place where Oswald defeated Cadwallon in AD634. Photo by David Dixon (2012).
All photos © Copyright individual photographer and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence
Oswald (c 604 – 5 August 642) was King of Northumbria from 634 until his death, and was venerated as a saint in the Middle Ages.

Oswald was the son of Æthelfrith of Bernicia. After spending a period in exile on Iona where he was trained and educated by Irish monks, he returned to Northumberland and defeated the British ruler Cadwallon, Oswald brought the two Northumbrian kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira once again under a single ruler, and promoted the spread of Christianity in Northumbria. He was given a strongly positive assessment by the historian Bede, writing a little less than a century after Oswald's death, who regarded Oswald as a saintly king;

it is also Bede who is the main source for present-day historical knowledge of Oswald. After eight years of rule, in which he was the most powerful ruler in Britain,
Max Adams was not put off in writing a biography of Oswald despite the only  historical sources being a single chapter in Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People (731) and a short entry in Wikipedia. His book is expected out next year. Much of his work is based on extensive knowledge of the early mediaeval period and recent archaeological research on Anglo-Saxon Northumberland.
Picture
Stained glass window from St Oswalds Church, Oswaldkirk, N. Yorks. Photo by Miss Steel (2007).
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Painting of St. Cuthbert carrying the head of St.Oswald, Hexham Abbey. Photo by Mike Quinn (2008).
Northumbria was split between its constituent kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira. Oswald's brother Eanfrith became king of Bernicia, but he was killed by Cadwallon in 634 (or 633) after attempting to negotiate peace. Oswald, at the head of a small army, met Cadwallon in battle at Heavenfield, near Hexham.

Before the battle, Oswald had a wooden cross erected. He knelt down and held the cross in position until enough earth had been thrown in the hole to make it stand firm. He then prayed and asked his army to join in. Oswald is said to have had a vision of Columba on the the night before the battle, in which the victory was foretold.
The Church of Saint Oswald stands on the location of the wooden cross left by Oswald at Heavenfield, the night before the battle. It was rebuilt in 1717. The site is visible from the B6318 Military Road and the Hadrian's Wall Trail.
Picture
St Oswald's Church, Heavenfield. Photo by Bill Henderson (2006).
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St. Oswald's Church, Heavenfield. Photo by Mike Quinn (2009).
Oswald was killed in the Battle of Maserfield, a place generally identified with Oswestry. The spot where he died came to be associated with miracles, and people took dirt from the site, which led to a hole being dug as deep as a man's height. Reginald of Durham reported that his right arm was taken by a bird (an eagle or raven) to a nearby ash tree, which gave the tree ageless vigour. When the bird dropped the arm, a spring emerged from the ground; both the tree and the spring  associated with healing miracles.The name of the site, Oswestry, or "Oswald's Tree", is generally thought to be derived from Oswald's death, and the legends surrounding it.
Picture
St. Oswald's Well, Oswestry. Photo by Mr M Evison (2006).
St. Oswald’s Way is a long-distance walking route in Northumberland which links St Cuthbert's Way and Hadrian's Wall Path. It runs from Holy Island (Lindisfarne) in the north and follows the coast, before heading inland  to Heavenfield and Hadrian’s Wall, a distance of 97 miles.
Picture
St Oswald's Way at Bamburgh Castle. Photo by Oliver Dixon (2010).
Picture
St. Oswald's Way. Photo by Chris Heaton (2009).

Links

Oswald of Northumbria - Holy Island Information Pages

Owald of Northumbria - Wikipedia

Bede (673-735): Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Book III

St Oswald's Way


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