Heddon-on-the-Wall Local History Society
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    • Prehistoric
    • AD43 to 1599
    • 1600 to 1799
    • 1800 to 1899
    • 1900 to 1999
    • 2000 to 2099
  • Heddon's History
    • Prehistory
    • Hadrian's Wall >
      • Vallum excavation (1893)
      • Hadrian's Wall excavation 1926
      • Wall ditch, Bays Leap (1958)
      • Hadrian’s Wall: Archaeological research by English Heritage 1976-2000
      • Throckley & Heddon entanglements
      • WallWatch
      • English Heritage (2020)
      • Wardell-Armstrong Archaeolgy Reports
      • Historic England Archives
    • Six townships >
      • 1 Heddon township >
        • Heddon in the Middle Ages
        • Common Land
        • Middle Marches
        • Tithe Award
        • St Andrew's Church >
          • Stained Glass Windows
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          • Monuments of church & churchyard (1991)
          • Monuments Page 2
          • Vicars of Heddon
        • Village property
        • Heddon Hall >
          • Sale of Heddon Hall 2012
        • Heddon Banks Farm
        • Frenchman's Row
        • Methodist Church >
          • Heddon Methodist Church Centenary 1877-1977
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      • 2 West Heddon township
      • 3 East Heddon township
      • 4 Houghton & Close House township >
        • Close House
      • 5 Eachwick township
      • 6 Whitchester township
    • Rudchester
  • People
    • Sir James Knott
    • Cadwallader J. Bates
    • Richard Burdon
    • Hugh Sinclair (Tim) Swann
    • George Clark
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    • Old photos 1
    • Old photos 2
    • Old photos 3
    • Old photos 4
    • Old photos 5
    • Old photos 6
    • Old Photos 7
  • Old News
    • Community News
    • Letter from the Emigrant Clergy of Frenchman's Row (1802)
    • Alleged Brutal Murder at Heddon-on-the-Wall (1876)
    • Sad boat accident at Ryton (1877)
    • Coronation tree (1902)
    • 65 Years on a Ferry Boat (1929)
    • Come claim your kiss at Heddon (1953)
    • The Swan (1972)
    • Heddon WI (1987)
    • Church House (1966)
    • Happy return (1993)
    • Hexham Courant (1997)
    • Butterfly Garden (1999)
    • Foot & Mouth (2001)
    • Remembrance Day (1996)
    • Remembrance Day (2016)
    • RAF at Ouston (2007)
    • Close House Golf Course (2009)
    • Heddon pupils celebrate British heritage (2011)
    • Roman Wall Forge (2011)
    • Diamond Jubilee (2012)
    • Auction of Bronze Statue, Close House (2012)
    • Heddon WI (2012)
    • Puffing Billy Festival (2013)
    • Heddon Village Show (2014)
    • View of the North (2014)
    • The Wall at Heddon (2014)
    • Heddon Village Show (2015)
    • War veterans singing send-off (September 2015)
    • Anglo-Saxon history (2014)
    • Heddon WI at 100 (2017)
    • Hadrian's Wall discovery (2019)
    • Tulip Mews (2020)
    • Mike Furlonger
    • Hadrian's Wall 1900 Festival
  • Memories
    • Olive White
    • Betty Cockburn
    • Betty Cockburn - miscellaneous information
    • Isabel Snowdon
    • William & Winnie Watson
    • Edith Ward
    • Mark Parker
    • Jack Lawson
    • Winnie Spoor
    • P Reay
    • Mr and Mrs Hall
    • Peter Chapman
    • Elizabeth Elenora Eames
    • Harry Murray
  • Other documents
    • Mackenzie (1825)
    • Bates (1886) >
      • Early & Roman
      • Townships
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      • Heddon & Houghton
      • Whitchester
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      • West & East Heddon
      • Records
      • Addenda
      • Appendix A
    • History, Topography & Directory of Northumberland (Bulmer's) - 1886
    • History of Northumberland (1930)
    • Collingwood Bruce (1853)
    • Whellan (1855)
    • Post Office Directory (1879)
    • Prominent people in Heddon
    • Place names
    • Ad Murum
    • Archived documents
    • Thomas Bewick's History of British Birds (1826)
    • Census data 1801-1991
    • Historical Records 1888-1890
    • Knott Sale of Village Property (1924)
    • Extracts from Parish Council Records
    • Local colliery records
    • Blackburn (1938)
    • Clark (c.1963)
    • History of Church (1968)
    • Boundary Commission Report 1984
    • Village Atlas 2022
  • Walks
    • Walks 2
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  • Past & Present
  • Photo of the Month
  • Place Name Studies
    • Meas & Meres
    • OS Name Books: Elsdon
    • OS Name Books: Allendale
    • OS Name Books: Cheviot Hills
    • OS Name Books: Other Parishes
  • Heddon 3D landscape

Heddon's history timeline AD43 to 1599

The Heddon history time-line is based on work by Pat Farnaby for his previous village web site.

43    Romans conquered Britain up to the River Humber.

43 - 410    Possible Romano-British enclosure visible as crop-marks in aerial photos in a field west of Close House (Wylam)

61    Queen Bodicea's rebellion against the invading Romans failed.

81    Romans completed the conquest of Britain.

c100   In a large cairn on Turpin's Hill were found in 1771 and 1795 two stone coffins, in one of which were two urns, with copper coins of Domitian, Antoninus Pius and Faustina. Site of a Roman barrow or possible Roman reuse of a Bronze Age cairn? Link

105    Chinese invented paper

122    The building of Hadrian's Wall commenced. Hadrian’s Wall was the north-west frontier of the Roman empire for nearly 300 years. It was built by the Roman army on the orders of the emperor Hadrian following his visit to Britain in AD 122. The building of Hadrian’s Wall probably began that year, and took at least six years to complete. Link

c300  A rock-cut cistern, known as the 'Giant's Grave' discovered in late C18th just south of the Fort Vindovala (Rudchester), measures 3.9m by 1.5m internally and 0.5m deep. It is generally regarded as Roman and, apart from the Mithraeum, is the only surviving structure of the vicus. Link

c300  Roman temple of Mithras (Mithraeum) at Rudchester (excavated in 1953). Link

410    Roman Army withdrew from Britain to defend Rome against the Barbarians.

476    Fall of the Roman Empire in the west .

c650    Christians built a Saxon Chapel at Heddon.

653    According to the Venerable Bede, Peada, Prince of the Middle Angles, and Sigebert, King of the East Saxons, were baptised on the site of Heddon Church by Bishop Finan of Lindisfarne. Link  The fact that a royal prince has been baptised within the church entitles the choir to wear red robes, something that otherwise would need the monarch's permission.

680    Some of the oldest parts of St Andrews Church were built. Link

748    Chinese printed the first newspaper.

1070    Normans introduced the Feudal system

1086    Domesday Book surveyed land and buildings in England for tax purposes (It showed that 95% of people worked in agriculture).

1096    Beginning of the Crusades.

1100-35   The manor of Heddon was bestowed by Henry I on Hugh de Bolbec, becoming known as the Bolbec Barony. Link

1165    Hugh de Bolbec's grandson, Walter, founded a monastery at Blanchland Link

1215    Signing of the Magna Carta.

1274    Heddon appeared in the Hundred Rolls as "Edwinistre". This suggests that Heddon may have been one of the hill forts of  Edwin, King of Deira and Bernicia (later to become Northumbria) from 616 to his death in 632 or 633.

1285    Simon Rudchester built the original tower at Rudchester.

1290    Existing documents show Richard Turpin of Houghton had a law suit with the Prior of Tynemouth regarding lands in the parish of Heddon.

1296    In the Lay Subsidy, Rudchester was recorded with seven taxpayers. The Military Road map of 1749 showed seven houses there, but Armstrong's map of 1769 indicated the site contained only the hall Link

1296    A list of the vicars of St Andrew's church, from this date, is to be found in the church porch.

1328    Scotland gained independence.

1335    The Bolbec Barony was devolved between two surviving heiresses, Margery and Phillipa.

1346    Phillipa's share passed through the family of her husband, Roger of Lancaster, to William of Harle who died in 1346. His son, Robert, gave the lands to the Abbey of Blanchland.

1348   The Black Death spread to Britain, from Europe, killing one million people, 25% of the population.

1419    The Rudchester estate passed to the Rutherford family.

1513    Scottish invading army defeated at the battle of Flodden.

1534    Henry VIII declared himself "Head of the English Church".

1539    Dissolution of the monastery at Blanchland, to which St. Andrew's church belonged, passed the right of choice of vicars of Heddon to the Crown, and subsequently to the Lord Chancellor.

1545    Martin Turpin of Whitchester killed John Rutherford of Rudchester.

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