Location: NY 8611 7678
Moat Hill, Wark on Tyne. LIDAR (DTM, 1m) copyright Environment Agency (2022) - enhanced for archaeology. Contour interval 1m.
Wark-on-Tyne. Northumberland Extensive Urban Survey. Northumberland County Council and English Heritage (2009).
Mote Hill or Wark Castle.
The settlement [of Wark] lies around a ‘T’ junction formed by the B6320 - which runs along the west bank of the river between Chollerford, four miles to the south and Bellingham five miles to the north - and a minor road which runs up the east side of the river before crossing at Wark. The presence of this crossing, initially a ford, must have been a major influence on the site of any settlement, as would have been a prominent plateau, Mote Hill, just to the south of the crossing, a naturally defensible position and one which seems to have been enhanced during the 12th century as an earthwork castle.
Mote Hill was formed at this period [recession of last Ice Age] as a drumlin and is made up of contorted bands of gravels and sands. Terraces have been formed along the valley above flat haughlands.
A notable omission amongst any records is specific reference to a castle on Mote Hill.
Mote Hill, a relatively flat-topped plateau with steep edges to all sides, lies immediately to the south of the village of Wark and the bridging point of the river. The Warks Burn runs into the North Tyne a little to the south of the hill, a confluence which may have provided the name of the feature ‘mote’ is Anglo Saxon for a meeting place, possibly of the waters.
Mote Hill Farm, mostly of 18th and 19th century date but with one building in its ranges dating to the 17th century (see Appendix 3 for Event no 320) covers the north-west quarter of the plateau and succeeds a post-medieval manor house constructed by Francis Radcliffe in the 1660s and 1670s.
The hill, and specifically the area around the farm, is thought to be the location of a motte and bailey castle, or at least a motte, possibly constructed as the seat of Prince Henry of Scotland who was created Earl of Northumberland in 1139 and presumably utilised as a defensive work during the time Wark was within the Liberty of Tynedale after 1157, although of the medieval references to defensive works at Wark, none specifically mention Mote Hill. Two modern published accounts describe earthworks on Motte Hill surviving around the mid-20th century; Dodds mentions ‘parts of an outer rampart still to be traced in short sections on the north and south’ (Dodds 1940, 37) amplified by Hunter-Blair who ...two fragments of banks are still visible, one on the north side against the wall surrounding the stockyard, and the other at the south-east corner of the hill-top and also mentioned that ‘the ditch between motte and bailey can...be traced as a shallow depression crossing the farmyard’ (Hunter Blair 1944, 141-2). None of the earthworks or depressions described is necessarily associated with a motte or a motte and bailey. The elusive nature of the earthworks is reinforced by the absence of any rendition of them on the series of 25” to One Mile Ordnance Survey maps, the surveyors for which were normally so assiduous inrecording earthworks.
A general assessment of the site by Ryder in 2002 concluded that the evidence for the castle was not certain (event No ???). Archaeological evaluation prior to conversion of the farm ranges on the hill to residential use (Event No 13254), and an archaeological watching brief (Event No 13612) during these redevelopments between 2003-2005 also failed to locate any earthwork build up or artefactual evidence to confirm the interpretation of the site. It is possible that the motte has now been completely levelled, or that it lies elsewhere on the plateau. Terraces on the south slope of the hill could possibly be of some age.
Speculation that Mote Hill may have been a focus for a prehistoric settlement is as yet unproven.
Mote Hill or Wark Castle.
The settlement [of Wark] lies around a ‘T’ junction formed by the B6320 - which runs along the west bank of the river between Chollerford, four miles to the south and Bellingham five miles to the north - and a minor road which runs up the east side of the river before crossing at Wark. The presence of this crossing, initially a ford, must have been a major influence on the site of any settlement, as would have been a prominent plateau, Mote Hill, just to the south of the crossing, a naturally defensible position and one which seems to have been enhanced during the 12th century as an earthwork castle.
Mote Hill was formed at this period [recession of last Ice Age] as a drumlin and is made up of contorted bands of gravels and sands. Terraces have been formed along the valley above flat haughlands.
A notable omission amongst any records is specific reference to a castle on Mote Hill.
Mote Hill, a relatively flat-topped plateau with steep edges to all sides, lies immediately to the south of the village of Wark and the bridging point of the river. The Warks Burn runs into the North Tyne a little to the south of the hill, a confluence which may have provided the name of the feature ‘mote’ is Anglo Saxon for a meeting place, possibly of the waters.
Mote Hill Farm, mostly of 18th and 19th century date but with one building in its ranges dating to the 17th century (see Appendix 3 for Event no 320) covers the north-west quarter of the plateau and succeeds a post-medieval manor house constructed by Francis Radcliffe in the 1660s and 1670s.
The hill, and specifically the area around the farm, is thought to be the location of a motte and bailey castle, or at least a motte, possibly constructed as the seat of Prince Henry of Scotland who was created Earl of Northumberland in 1139 and presumably utilised as a defensive work during the time Wark was within the Liberty of Tynedale after 1157, although of the medieval references to defensive works at Wark, none specifically mention Mote Hill. Two modern published accounts describe earthworks on Motte Hill surviving around the mid-20th century; Dodds mentions ‘parts of an outer rampart still to be traced in short sections on the north and south’ (Dodds 1940, 37) amplified by Hunter-Blair who ...two fragments of banks are still visible, one on the north side against the wall surrounding the stockyard, and the other at the south-east corner of the hill-top and also mentioned that ‘the ditch between motte and bailey can...be traced as a shallow depression crossing the farmyard’ (Hunter Blair 1944, 141-2). None of the earthworks or depressions described is necessarily associated with a motte or a motte and bailey. The elusive nature of the earthworks is reinforced by the absence of any rendition of them on the series of 25” to One Mile Ordnance Survey maps, the surveyors for which were normally so assiduous inrecording earthworks.
A general assessment of the site by Ryder in 2002 concluded that the evidence for the castle was not certain (event No ???). Archaeological evaluation prior to conversion of the farm ranges on the hill to residential use (Event No 13254), and an archaeological watching brief (Event No 13612) during these redevelopments between 2003-2005 also failed to locate any earthwork build up or artefactual evidence to confirm the interpretation of the site. It is possible that the motte has now been completely levelled, or that it lies elsewhere on the plateau. Terraces on the south slope of the hill could possibly be of some age.
Speculation that Mote Hill may have been a focus for a prehistoric settlement is as yet unproven.
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